The Role of Institutionalization Police Support in Emergency Situation: Evidence from Indonesia

Role of Police Supporting Institutions in an Emergency in Indonesia. Regulations related to police duties and the condition of medical personnel are actually at the forefront of emergencies and pandemic disasters, but in Indonesia the police also called the front guard in efforts to prevent the emergency spread of Covid-19. It can be seen if there is gaps in the implementation of police duties during an emergency. This study aims to find out the existence of police as the institution that having mandate to manage and handle emergencies situation such as pandemic of COVID-19. This study used doctrinal legal research as one of the legal research methods. The findings show that management of health protection in Indonesia particularly in pandemic situation had not maximal. As can be seen there are several barriers to Indonesian Police in handling the emergency situations. Firstly, the internal problem in the institution, then it needs a revitalization. Secondly, the lack of adequate funding for the police's performance. Thirdly, as well as the external cause is the lack of publick awareness or the culture of society to be able to cooperate with the police in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia. © 2023, Lembaga Contrarius Indonesia. All rights reserved.

Identifying institutional barriers when implementing new technologies in the healthcare industry

PurposeVirtual and augmented reality solutions in medicine are generally applied in communication, training, simulation and therapy. However, like most new digital developments, these technologies face a large number of institutional barriers that are inherent to the medical sector.Design/methodology/approachFollowing Richard Scott's view on institutions and organizations, a multiple case study is used to analyze regulatory, normative and cultural-cognitive institutional pillars in the medical industry.FindingsThe results of the study demonstrate that (1) the regulatory pillar inhibits the advancement of new technologies in the approach to treatment, regulation of patient data, educational processes for medical staff, and information and financial flows;(2) the number of barriers increases based on the solution's level of disruption and the number of variable conventional procedures;(3) trust between participants in the medical industry plays an important role in introducing new technologies;(4) new participants need to address certain pillars depending on the area of application.Originality/valueThe authors discuss top-down and bottom-up approaches for overcoming institutional barriers when implementing augmented and virtual reality solutions for companies focusing on the medical market.

From idea to systems solution: enhancing access to primary care in Malawi.

Malawi, like many other countries, faces challenges in providing accessible, affordable, and quality health services to all people. The Malawian policy framework recognizes the value of communities and citizens, as co-creators of health and leaders of localized and innovative initiatives, such as social innovations.Social innovations involve and include communities and citizens, as well as bring about changes in the institutions responsible for care delivery. In this article, we describe the institutionalization process of a citizen-initiated primary care social innovation, named Chipatala Cha Pa Foni, focused on extending access to health information and appropriate service-seeking behavior.An interdisciplinary multi-method qualitative case study design was adopted, drawing on data collected from key informant interviews, observations, and documents over an 18-month period. A composite social innovation framework, informed by institutional theory and positive organizational scholarship, guided the thematic content analysis. Institutional-level changes were analyzed in five key dimensions as well as the role of actors, operating as institutional entrepreneurs, in this process.A subset of actors matched the definition of operating as Institutional Entrepreneurs. They worked in close collaboration to bring about changes in five institutional dimensions: roles, resource flows, authority flows, social identities and meanings. We highlight the changing role of nurses; redistribution and decentralization of health information; shared decision-making, and greater integration of different technical service areas.From this study, the social innovation brought about key institutional and socio-cultural changes in the Malawi health system. These changes supported strengthening the system's integrity for achieving Universal Health Coverage by unlocking and cultivating dormant human-based resources. As a fully institutionalized social innovation, Chipatala Cha Pa Foni has enhanced access to primary care and especially as part of the Covid-19 response.

"Sobre llovido, mojado”. Problems, strategies, and demands of the Argentine popular, social, and solidarity economy during the pandemic.

The emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic reactivated numerous debates on the social protections required for distinct labor groups and the need to guarantee work and income for the population. This article focuses on the experiences of people who work without ties to an employer and who self-identify as part of the popular, social, and solidarity economy (EPSS) in Argentina. It aims to contribute to the academic debate by identifying the conditions that favored the sustainability and organization of their work beyond the context of the emergency. In particular, we seek to examine whether the situation opened up by the pandemic led to new processes of recognition, institutionalization, and protection for these labor groups or not. A qualitative research process was developed based on interviews with representatives of 14 organizations of EPSS of Greater Rosario (primary sources) and the review of emergency measures and programs implemented by the three levels of government –national, provincial, and local– beginning with the declaration of the health emergency until December 2021 (secondary sources). In the final reflections, the main results are highlighted, positing that the state's responses did not give rise to new institutions, rights, and protections, but rather "organized” and "administered” the institutionality that already existed. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] La emergencia provocada por la pandemia de la covid-19 reactualizó numerosos debates sobre las protecciones sociales requeridas para los diferentes grupos laborales y la necesidad de garantizar el trabajo y los ingresos de la población. Este artículo se centra en la experiencia de personas que trabajan sin vínculos con un patrón y que se autoidentifican como parte de la economía popular, social y solidaria (EPSS) en Argentina. Se propone abonar al debate académico al respecto identificando aquellas condiciones que favorecieron la sostenibilidad y la organización de sus labores más allá del contexto de la emergencia. En particular, se busca reconocer si la situación abierta por la pandemia devino en nuevos procesos de reconocimiento, institucionalización y protección para estos colectivos laborales. Se desarrolló un trabajo de investigación cualitativo basado en entrevistas a referentes de 14 organizaciones de EPSS del Gran Rosario (fuentes primarias) y la revisión de las medidas de emergencia y los programas implementados por los tres niveles de Gobierno –nacional, provincial y local– desde la declaración de la emergencia sanitaria hasta diciembre de 2021 (fuentes secundarias). En las reflexiones finales se recuperan los principales resultados fundamentando que las respuestas del Estado no dieron lugar a nuevas instituciones, derechos y protecciones, sino que "organizaron” y "administraron” la institucionalidad que ya existía. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of FLACSO Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Pandemic, hybridization and the role of the Third sector. An analysis of the case of the Food Bank

The objective of this paper is to investigate the hybridization dynamics of the Third sector at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. The progressive contamination between the State, market, family and Third sector spheres has long been subject of interest of the scholars. This paper aim at analysing these dynamics through the case study of Fondazione Banco Alimentare (Italian Food Bank Foundation). The case helps in investigating the impact of the pandemic on the role, logics and actors that make up the Third sector ( both organizations and people) and its relation with the other subsystems. The empirical analysis shows that the pandemic and its consequences has enhanced the role of Fondazione Banco Alimentare, thanks to its relevance during the food emergency that also increased its visibility in the media. There are more institutional and non-institutional donors, more beneficiaries and help requests that resulted also in an accelerated professionalization and training of volunteers and employers. In conclusion, the Italian Food Bank and its network dealt with processes of digitalization, institutionalization and professionalization. These transformations resulted in a new positioning of the organization in the public sphere and redefined its relationship between local, national and European institutions.

Inequalities and pandemic in Paraguayan indigenous communities

This article discusses the measures introduced by Paraguay to respond to the health crisis between March and December 2020 and problematizes its impact on indigenous communities. Starting from a historicization of the origins of inequalities, it demonstrates that the marginalization that Paraguayan indigenous communities are currently experiencing is the result of a historical and institutional continuity that is rooted in a logic of dispossession of indigenous people and their territory. We argue that the interaction between previous structural conditions and the political choices emanating from the struggle against Covid-19 has not allowed for an institutional change in these relationships. Indeed, in Paraguay, the unprecedented health crisis and governmental responses accelerated the pre-existing trajectories affecting indigenous communities, resulting in institutional continuity in the formulation of public policies. © 2022 Institut des Hautes Etudes de l'Amerique Latine (IHEAL). All rights reserved.

A qualitative study on the feasibility and acceptability of institutionalizing health technology assessment in Malawi.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of institutionalizing Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in Malawi. METHODS: This study employed a document review and qualitative research methods, to understand the status of HTA in Malawi. This was complemented by a review of the status and nature of HTA institutionalization in selected countries.Qualitative research employed a Focus Group Discussion (FGD ) with 7 participants, and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with12 informants selected based on their knowledge and expertise in policy processes related to HTA in Malawi.Data extracted from the literature was organized in Microsoft Excel, categorized according to thematic areas and analyzed using a literature review framework. Qualitative data from KIIs and the FGD was analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach. RESULTS: Some HTA processes exist and are executed through three structures namely: Ministry of Health Senior Management Team, Technical Working Groups, and Pharmacy and Medicines Regulatory Authority (PMRA) with varyingdegrees of effectiveness.The main limitations of current HTA mechanisms include limited evidence use, lack of a standardized framework for technology adoption, donor pressure, lack of resources for the HTA process and technology acquisition, laws and practices that undermine cost-effectiveness considerations. KII and FGD results showed overwhelming demand for strengthening HTA in Malawi, with a stronger preference for strengthening coordination and capacity of existing entities and structures. CONCLUSION: The study has shown that HTA institutionalization is acceptable and feasible in Malawi. However, the current committee based processes are suboptimal to improve efficiency due to lack of a structured framework. A structured HTA framework has the potential to improve processes in pharmaceuticals and medical technologies decision-making.In the short to medium term, HTA capacity building should focus on generating demand and increasing capacity in cost-effectiveness assessments. Country-specific assessments should precede HTA institutionalization as well as recommendations for new technology adoptions.

Pandemia, ibridazione e il ruolo del Terzo settore. Un'analisi sul caso del Banco Alimentare

The objective of this paper is to investigate the hybridization dynamics of the Third sector at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. The progressive contamination between the State, market, family and Third sector spheres has long been subject of interest of the scholars. This paper aim at analysing these dynamics through the case study of Fondazione Banco Alimentare (Italian Food Bank Foundation). The case helps in investigating the impact of the pandemic on the role, logics and actors that make up the Third sector (both organizations and people) and its relation with the other subsystems. The empirical analysis shows that the pandemic and its consequences has enhanced the role of Fondazione Banco Alimentare, thanks to its relevance during the food emergency that also increased its visibility in the media. There are more institutional and non-institutional donors, more beneficiaries and help requests that resulted also in an accelerated professionalization and training of volunteers and employers. In conclusion, the Italian Food Bank and its network dealt with processes of digitalization, institutionalization and professionalization. These transformations resulted in a new positioning of the organization in the public sphere and redefined its relationship between local, national and European institutions.

Stakeholders' Development: A Paradigm Shift of Human Resource Development (HRD)

Development of a nation is dependent over the development of children, which is further dependent over their parents and schools. However, in developing countries like Pakistan, the focus in schools is on the curriculum taught. But the development of a mother is generally ignored. The dire need is to identify the dimensions of mothers' development and its institutionalization so that the development of children and nation can be done systematically in the long run. The purpose of the research is to explore the factors that influence mothers development for further nurture of child and generation development. A qualitative methodology has been adopted to conduct the research. Thematic analysis and content analysis has been selected as a tool for exploring the factors. The factors explored through transcribed interviews are Language, Technology, Financial planning and control, Ethics, Decision making and critical thinking. The themes are, Mothers are the custodian of the entire family and children nurture, Mothers plays a pivotal role in children education and personality development, A Society can be generated by Mothers contribution as a mentor. It is concluded that the development of a child and generation depends upon the development of a mother based on the avenues (explored factors) where a mother needs to be developed in the modern world and particularly in a country like Pakistan.

THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF TELECONFERENCING AS A MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE CASE OF THE ARGENTINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public administrations had to adapt in an unplanned way to remote work as a strategy to continue operating. Teleworking was an institutional adaptation that would not have been possible without the previous existence of certain technologies, such as teleconferencing, which played a major role in its implementation. In the Argentine case, the national government implemented remote work from March 2020 until September 2021. This article aims to analyze the degree of institutionalization of videoconferencing. To this end, qualitative-interpretative research was carried out, which, based on in-depth interviews with key informants, analyzes the impact and relevance teleconferencing had in public organizations of the Argentine public administration during the period when remote work was implemented. © 2022 Universidad De Valparaiso. All Rights Reserved.

COVID-19: Pandemic Risk, Resilience and Possibilities for Aging Research

The COVID-19 global crisis is reshaping Canadian society in unexpected and profound ways. The significantly higher morbidity and mortality risks by age suggest that this is largely a "gero-pandemic,” which has thrust the field of aging onto center stage. This editorial emphasizes that vulnerable older adults are also those most affected by COVID-19 in terms of infection risk, negative health effects, and the potential deleterious outcomes on a range of social, psychological, and economic contexts – from ageism to social isolation. We also contend that the pathogenic analysis of this pandemic needs to be balanced with a salutogenic approach that examines the positive adaptation of people, systems and society, termed COVID-19 resilience. This begs the question: how and why do some older adults and communities adapt and thrive better than others? This examination will lead to the identification and response to research and data gaps, challenges, and innovative opportunities as we plan for a future in which COVID-19 has become another endemic infection in the growing list of emerging and re-emerging pathogens.

The Relationship between Burnout Syndrome and Working Alliance in Psichiatric Residential Facilities: A Focus on Schizofrenia Spectrum Disorder

Introduction: Literature, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, has given considerable attention to burnout experienced by mental health professionals. Burnout is a multidimensional syndrome that has three indicators (1): emotional exhaustion (EE, fatigue that can be related to devoting excessive time and effort to a task that is not perceived to be beneficial), depersonalization (DP, distant or indifferent attitude towards work, and negative interactions with colleagues and patients), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA, negative evaluation of the worth of one's work and generalized poor professional self-esteem) for the worker. Burnout does not solely impact the wellbeing and quality of life of health professionals but also induces a decline in the quality of care provided to clients. Studies of mental health professionals have shown that this condition could be triggered by associated working stressors including overload, time pressure, understaffing, negative social climate in the workplace, conflicts with patients, job insecurity, and organizational changes. As burnout has important implications for the quality of care, it is essential that the factors which influence burnout and its implications are explored in different contexts, such as in the context of residential facilities (RFs). Workers in the field of mental health are more vulnerable to burnout, as compared with other health professionals (2) because of stigma of the profession, threats of violence from patients and patient suicide and highly demanding therapeutic relationships (3). In a systematic review and meta-analysis, O'Connor and colleagues (4) investigated the prevalence and determinants of burnout in mental health professionals highlighting that staff working in community mental health teams may be more vulnerable to burnout than those working in some other specialist community teams. The key issue that is often left out in literature is the measure of the quality of the health professionals' relationship with patients. Since both the health professional's burnout and the working alliance between them and patients are predictors of therapy outcomes, understanding how burnout affects health professionals' relationship with patients is crucial. Working Alliance (WA) is a well-established index of this relationship as it represents the degree to which a treatment dyad is engaged in collaborative work (5). This construct has an enormous literature in the field of psychotherapy, but it has not been studied in the common treatment of individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness in terms of its relationship with burnout. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the link between burnout among health professionals working in psychiatric RF and WA between individuals with SSD and staff in RF. Method(s): This study is part of a large multicentric observational study conducted in Italy: the DiAPAson study. The final sample of this study includes 303 patients living in RFs (69.3% males;41.0+/-9.8 years) and 164 health workers (27.4% males;41.2+/-9.9 years) of the 99 participating RFs. After collecting sociodemographic data, standardized assessment tools including clinician-administered tools (e.g., psychiatric history, illness duration, lifetime hospitalization stay, total number of psychiatric hospitalizations in the last year, time in the RF, antipsychotic therapy, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - BPRS, and Specific Levels of Functioning Scale - SLOF) for patients and self-administered scales (the Italian version of the Working Alliance Inventory short form for Patients, WAI-P;the Italian version of the Working Alliance Inventory short form for Staff, WAI-S;and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, MBI for Staff) were collected. We investigated the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical variables, staff's burnout and working alliance. After rejecting the hypothesis of normality of the variables (by Kolmogorov Smirnov test), we computed correlation matrices calculating Spearman's correlation coefficients. We perfor ed all the analysis with SAS Studio, R and SPSS, considering a p<0.05 value as statistically significant. Result(s): The staff sample presented high mean DP (13.8+/-9.6) while no high mean EE (3+/-3.5) neither low mean PA (38.4+/-5.7) were found according to O'Connor and colleagues' indications (4). Data show significative correlations between: MBI EE and BPRS (beta=0.17;p=0.005), SLOF (beta=-0.12;p=0.048) and WAI-S (beta=-0.17;p=0.003);MBI DP and BPRS (beta=0.22;p<0.001), SLOF (beta=-0.18;p=0.003), WAI-S (beta=-0.19;p=0.001), and WAI-P (beta=-0.13;p=0.028);MBI PA and patients' education years (beta=-0.146;p=0.014) and WAI-S (beta=0.26;p<0.001). Conclusion(s): The result of our large multicentric observational study suggested that health professionals working with SSD patients reported high scores on MBI for the DP domain. This datum is particularly worrying considering the theoretical framework that in 1978 brought to the reform of the Italian Health System that abolished the Psychiatric Hospitals in favor of a community-based treatment approach where the RF where conceived as a temporal intensive approach for the treatment of the most severe conditions, specifically thought to avoid long term seclusion, institutionalization, and patients' depersonalization. In our sample the burnout, specifically higher EE and DP was associated with more severe symptomatology (as measure with BPRS) and poor socio-occupational functioning. These associations are consistent with previous reports. Lower sense of PA was instead reported in working with patients with higher education grade. This effect could be partially associated with the WA. In fact, our data reported greater sense of PA with higher scores of WA as perceived by the staff, again associated with working with patients with lower education grade. WA as perceived by the staff significantly associate with other burnout domains, being inversely correlated with EE and DP. On the other hand, WA rated by the patients was also inversely associated with DP burnout domain. Even though no causal relationship could be assumed from our data, the clear association between burnout and WA, specifically regarding the DP domain, strongly reinforce the need to further investigate the WA between health professionals and RF patients suffering from SSD. Intervention directed toward the improvement of WA could be a complementary way to improve the quality of care provided to severe SSD patients and a way to reduce burnout.

Voices and images of hope: The rebirth of educational television in Ecuador in times of COVID-19

The article discusses about the effectiveness of the educational television in Ecuador in times of COVID-19. In Ecuador, educational television was already on intensive care before the advent of COVID-19, with meager financing or even with zero budget, permanently reprising programs that were produced several years ago. Yet, even under these adverse circumstances, and thanks to international cooperation and private funding, we have been able to reach almost every family in our country with content from the curriculum, but also with social-emotional support and with programs about daily learning at home. We have been able to strengthen international alliances and to work together for a better tomorrow. From now on, our focus will be on how to make this an experience for the future, not just for COVID-19, and to promote the institutionalization and revalorization of educational television in Ecuador, in order for it to be perceived as a right by the citizens of our country. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Effects of a psychomotor program developed in the COVID pandemic on risk factors for falls in nursing home older adults

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of a psychomotor program performed during the COVID pandemic on risk factors for falls in nursing home older adults. Method(s): The study involved 10 nursing home older adults (aged 67-91 years old) who integrated two periods without intervention (control: pre-lockdown;and lockdown) and an experimental period (attending the program). Cognitive, emotional and physical functioning risk factors for falling were measured before and after each period. Result(s): Friedman's Test followed by Pairwise Comparison post-test showed that the program induced significant improvements with an effect size (EF) ranging from large to small in the follow risk factors: fear of falling (EF=3.22), depressive states (EF=1.49), static balance (EF=0.83), lower strength (EF=0.76), upper strength (EF=0.73), cognitive status (EF=0.58), upper flexibility (0.52), perception of affordances - real (EF=0.51) and estimated (EF=0.45), agility and balance (EF=0.37), balance and mobility (EF=0.36), lower flexibility (EF=0.24) and aerobic resistance (EF=0.21), (p<0.05). On the other hand, in the no-intervention periods, lower and upper strength, upper flexibility and perception of affordances - estimated significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion(s): Results from the study showed that the psychomotor program was effective in falls prevention by improving cognitive, emotional and physical functioning risk factors for falling. These findings suggest that for older adults' good quality of life, psychomotor programs should be implemented in nursing homes.

THE NEED TO ELIMINATE MISMANAGEMENT AND CORRUPTION IN ISLAMIC SOCIAL FINANCE INSTITUTIONS

Semasa pandemik COVID-19, telah jelas bahawa kewangan sosial Islam (ISF) perlu diinstitusikan disebabkan ketidakcukupan kewangan komersial Islam dalam menyediakan penyelesaian kewangan yang mencukupi untuk mencapai kewangan menyeluruh. Oleh yang demikian, penumpuan ISF dengan kewangan komersial Islam sedang terserlah manakala penginstitusian ISF menunjukkan momentum global. Walau bagaimanapun, setakat ini, tiada tatacara tadbir urus komprehensif yang digubal untuk mengawal selia institusi ISF bagi membimbing institusi terbabit dalam menawarkan produk dan perkhidmatan kewangan mereka mengikut parameter Syariah termasuk mengelakkan rasuah. Oleh itu, objektif penyelidikan ini adalah untuk meneroka salah urus dan amalan rasuah yang wujud dalam mengurus ISF dan mencadangkan cara untuk mengatasinya. Bagi mencapai objektif, kajian ini menggunakan analisis dokumen sebagai metodologi penyelidikannya untuk menyemak dan membincangkan pengurusan terpilih dan amalan rasuah institusi ISF yang dilaporkan di seluruh dunia. Adalah dijangkakan bahawa penemuan dari kajian ini akan membantu penggubal dasar, badan penetapan standard untuk kewangan Islam dan institusi ISF untuk menyedari kepentingan mengamalkan amalan tadbir urus yang baik untuk membawa ISF ke peringkat seterusnya. Penyelidikan lanjut boleh dijalankan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan menerima pakai amalan tadbir urus yang baik oleh institusi ISF dan implikasi menerima pakai amalan tersebut.Alternate :During the COVID-19 pandemic, it became apparent that Islamic social finance (ISF) must be institutionalised due to inadequacies of Islamic commercial finance in providing adequate financial solutions to achieve financial inclusion. As such, the convergence of ISF with Islamic commercial finance is emerging while institutionalisation of ISF is gaining momentum globally. However, so far, there is no comprehensive governance code enacted to regulate the ISF institutions to guide them in the offering of their financial products and services within the parameters of Shari'ah, which include avoidance of corruption. Therefore, the objective of this research is to explore the existing mismanagement and corrupt practices found in managing the ISF and to recommend ways to overcome them. To meet its objective, this study adopts document analysis as its research methodology to review and discuss the selected management and corrupt practices of ISF institutions reported worldwide. It is anticipated that findings of this paper would assist policymakers, standard-setting bodies for Islamic finance, and ISF institutions to realise the significance of adopting good governance practices to take ISF to the next level. Further research could be undertaken to study the effectiveness of adopting good governance practices by ISF institutions and the implications of adopting such practices.

Why Ranting about the COVID-19 Economy as a Woman Sounds Different in Copenhagen and in Cincinnati

Before the covid-19 pandemic, significant advances have been made in the advanced industrialized economies toward greater gender equality in the workplace, especially since the 1990s. However, the first year of the pandemic has led to dramatic backsliding in gender equality even among countries that have adopted sizeable relief packages to combat the devastating economic effects of the pandemic. This commentary argues that the pandemic has reinforced existing vulnerabilities in IPE. The essay takes stock of government economic support measures in selected OECD economies. It then compares the government responses in two representative cases with very different welfare state legacies—Denmark as a case representative of the Nordic welfare state model and the USA as a case representative of the liberal welfare state model. The main finding is that the Nordic welfare state model has been more successful in protecting vulnerable social groups, such as women, in times of severe crisis. The contrast is especially visible if we compare the performance of Denmark in terms of maintaining female labor force participation during the pandemic with that of the USA, where women as a social group have been set back decades in terms of exit from the formal labor market as well as loss of job and career opportunities.

Usability and Effectiveness of an Individualized, Tablet-Based, Multidomain Exercise Program for People With Dementia Delivered by Nursing Assistants: Protocol for an Evaluation of the InCoPE-App.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had drastic consequences on everyday life in nursing homes. Limited personnel resources and modified hygiene and safety measures (eg, no external exercise instructors, no group settings) have often led to interrupted physical exercise treatments. As a consequence, people with dementia benefiting from individualized exercise programs are affected by the pandemic's impact. OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to develop an easily applicable mobile application (Individualized Cognitive and Physical Exercise [InCoPE] app) allowing nursing assistants to test cognitive function and physical performance and subsequently train people with dementia through a multidomain, individualized exercise program. METHODS: We will evaluate the usability and effectiveness of the InCoPE-App by applying a mixed method design. Nursing assistants will use the InCoPE-App for 18 weeks to assess the cognitive function and physical performance of 44 people with dementia every 3 weeks and apply the individualized exercise program. We will record overall usability using questionnaires (eg, Post-Study System Usability and ISONORM 9241/10), log events, and interviews. Perceived hedonic and pragmatic quality will be assessed using the AttrakDiff questionnaire. Effectiveness will be evaluated by considering changes in quality of life as well as cognitive function and physical performance between before and after the program. RESULTS: Enrollment into the study will be completed in the first half of 2022. We expect an improvement in the quality of life of people with dementia accompanied by improvements in cognitive function and physical performance. The usability of the InCoPE-App is expected to be rated well by nursing assistants. CONCLUSIONS: To date, there is no scientifically evaluated app available that enables nursing assistants without expertise in sports science to deliver an individualized exercise program among people with dementia. A highly usable and effective InCoPE-App allows nursing assistants to test cognitive function and physical performance of people with dementia and, based thereon, select and deliver an appropriate individualized exercise program based on the cognitive and physical status of an individual, even in times of a pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Register of Clinical Trials DRKS00024069; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00024069. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/36247.

Sustainable Statehood: Reflections on Critical (Pre-)Conditions, Requirements and Design Options

Thirty years after the seminal UN conference on environment and development, where the global agenda for sustainable development was agreed upon by the international community, uncountable initiatives in public policy, business and civil society have been activated. Despite all efforts, pressure on life-supporting Earth systems remain on an ecologically, socially and economically unsustainable pathway. Global collective action for sustainable development has so far been insufficient regarding the scientifically well-diagnosed need for substantial transformation. Given that the world remains a world of nation states, notwithstanding processes of globalization and transnationalization, internationalization and subnationalization, the quest for sustainable statehood is of utmost importance. Based on the expectations of nation states expressed in the UN Transformation Agenda 2030, it is argued that underlying and cross-cutting structures, procedures and instruments of statehood, which precede decision-making processes and policy-making in specific fields of sustainable development, such as climate change or biodiversity, are of key relevance. In this regard critical requirements and (pre-)conditions for sustainable statehood are discussed and design options for sustainable statehood in the Anthropocene are proposed.